Francesco Di Giorgio Martini

Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501) was a versatile Italian polymath active as an architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and writer. Associated with the Sienese School, he is recognized for his visionary architectural theories and his extensive work as a military engineer. Throughout his career, he designed numerous sculptural projects and constructed nearly seventy fortifications, including early examples of star-shaped defensive structures for the Count of Urbino.